Narrative and Descriptive
Narrative
text is a kind of text to retell the story that past tense. The purpose of the
text is to entertain or to amuse the readers or listeners about the story.
The generic structure
of Narrative text :
- Orientation :
It set the scene and
introduce the participants (it answers the question : who, when, what, and
where).
- Complication :
Tells the problems of
the story and how the main characters solve them.
- Resolution :
The crisis is
revolved, for better or worse.
- Re-orientation :
The ending of the
story.
- Evaluation :
The stepping back to
evaluate the story or the moral message of the story
Linguistic features :
1. Use active verbs.
2. Use past tense.
3. Use conjunction.
4. The first person
(I or We) or the third person (He, She, or They).
5. Use specific
nouns.
6. Use adjective and
adverbs
Kind of Narrative
text :
1. Legend :
Sangkuriang, Malin Kundang, etc.
2. Fable : Mousedeer
and crocodile.
3. Fairy tale :
Cinderella, Snow white, Pinocchio, etc.
4. Science fiction
Example of Narrative
text :
Sleeping Beauty
Long ago there lived
a King and Queen who said every day, “If only we had a child!” But for a long
time they had none.
One day, as the Queen
was bathing in a spring and dreaming of a child, a frog crept out of the water
and said to her, “Your wish shall be fulfilled. Before a year has passed you
shall bring a daughter into the world.”
And since frogs are
such magical creatures, it was no surprise that before a year had passed the
Queen had a baby girl. The child was so beautiful and sweet that the King could
not contain himself for joy. He prepared a great feast and invited all his
friends, family and neighbours. He invited the fairies, too, in order that they
might be kind and good to the child. There were thirteen of them in his
kingdom, but as the King only had twelve golden plates for them to eat from,
one of the fairies had to be left out. None of the guests was saddened by this
as the thirteenth fairy was known to be cruel and spiteful.
An amazing feast was
held and when it came to an end, each of the fairies presented the child with a
magic gift. One fairy gave her virtue, another beauty, a third riches and so on
— with everything in the world that anyone could wish for.
After eleven of the
fairies had presented their gifts, the thirteenth suddenly appeared. She was
angry and wanted to show her spite for not having been invited to the feast.
Without hesitation she called out in a loud voice,
“When she is fifteen
years old, the Princess shall prick herself with a spindle and shall fall down
dead!”
Then without another
word, she turned and left the hall.
The guests were
horrified and the Queen fell to the floor sobbing, but the twelfth fairy, whose
wish was still not spoken, quietly stepped forward. Her magic could not remove
the curse, but she could soften it so she said,
“Nay, your daughter
shall not die, but instead shall fall into a deep sleep that will last one
hundred years.”
Over the years, the
promises of the fairies came true — one by one. The Princess grew to be
beautiful, modest, kind and clever. Everyone who saw her could not help but
love her.
The King and Queen
were determined to prevent the curse placed on the Princess by the spiteful
fairy and sent out a command that all the spindles in the whole kingdom should
be destroyed. No one in the kingdom was allowed to tell the Princess of the
curse that had been placed upon her for they did not want her to worry or be
sad.
On the morning of her
fifteenth birthday, the Princess awoke early — excited to be another year
older. She was up so early in the morning, that she realized everyone else
still slept. The Princess roamed through the halls trying to keep herself occupied
until the rest of the castle awoke. She wandered about the whole place, looking
at rooms and halls as she pleased and at last she came to an old tower. She
climbed the narrow, winding staircase and reached a little door. A rusty key
was sticking in the lock and when she turned it, the door flew open.
In a little room sat
an old woman with a spindle, busily spinning her flax. The old woman was so
deaf that she had never heard the King’s command that all spindles should be
destroyed.
“Good morning, Granny,”
said the Princess, “what are you doing?”
“I am spinning,” said
the old woman.
“What is the thing
that whirls round so merrily?” asked the Princess and she took the spindle and
tried to spin too.
But she had scarcely
touched the spindle when it pricked her finger. At that moment she fell upon
the bed which was standing near and lay still in a deep sleep.
The King, Queen and
servants had all started their morning routines and right in the midst of them
fell asleep too. The horses fell asleep in the stable, the dogs in the yard,
the doves on the roof and the flies on the wall. Even the fire in the hearth
grew still and went to sleep. The kitchen maid, who sat with a chicken before
her, ready to pluck its feathers, fell asleep. The cook was in the midst of scolding
the kitchen boy for a mess he’d made but they both fell fast asleep. The wind
died down and on the trees in front of the castle not a leaf stirred.
Round the castle a
hedge of brier roses began to grow up. Every year it grew higher until at last
nothing could be seen of the sleeping castle.
There was a legend in
the land about the lovely Sleeping Beauty, as the King’s daughter was called,
and from time to time Princes came and tried to force their way through the
hedge and into the castle. But they found it impossible for the thorns, as
though they were alive, grabbed at them and would not let them through.
After many years a
Prince came again to the country and heard an old man tell the tale of the
castle which stood behind the brier hedge and the beautiful Princess who had
slept within for a hundred years. He heard also that many Princes had tried to
make it through the brier hedge but none had succeeded and many had been caught
in it and died.
The the young Prince
said, “I am not afraid. I must go and see this Sleeping Beauty.”
The good old man did
all in his power to persuade him not to go, but the Prince would not listen.
Now the hundred years
were just ended. When the Prince approached the brier hedge it was covered with
beautiful large roses. The shrubs made way for him of their own accord and let
him pass unharmed.
In the courtyard, the
Prince saw the horses and dogs lying asleep. On the roof sat the sleeping doves
with their heads tucked under their wings. When he went into the house, the
flies were asleep on the walls and the servants asleep in the halls. Near the
throne lay the King and Queen, sleeping peacefully beside each other. In the
kitchen the cook, the kitchen boy and the kitchen maid all slept with their
heads resting on the table.
The Prince went on
farther. All was so still that he could hear his own breathing. At last he
reached the tower and opened the door into the little room where the Princess
was asleep. There she lay, looking so beautiful that he could not take his eyes
off her. He bent down and gave her a kiss. As he touched her, Sleeping Beauty
opened her eyes and smiled up at him.
Throughout the
castle, everyone and everything woke up and looked at each other with
astonished eyes. Within the month, the Prince and Sleeping Beauty were married
and lived happily all their lives.
Descriptive
A descriptive text is a text which
lists the characteristics of something. Take an example, the following is one
of the text belongs to the descriptive text.
Prambanan Temple
Prambanan is the largest Hindu
temple compound in Central Java in Indonesia, located approximately 18 km east
of Yogyakarta.
The temple is a UNESCO World
Heritage Site and is one of the largest Hindu temples in south-east Asia. It is
characterised by its tall and pointed architecture, typical of Hindu temple
architecture, and by the 47m high central building inside a large complex of
individual temples.
It was built around 850 CE by either
Rakai Pikatan, king of the second Mataram dynasty, or Balitung Maha Sambu,
during the Sanjaya Dynasty. Not long after its construction, the temple was
abandoned and began to deteriorate. Reconstruction of the compound began in
1918. The main building was completed in around 1953. Much of the original
stonework has been stolen and reused at remote construction sites. A temple
will only be rebuilt if at least 75% of the original stones are available, and
therefore only the foundation walls of most of the smaller shrines are now
visible and with no plans for their reconstruction.
The temple was damaged during the
earthquake in Java in 2006. Early photos suggest that although the complex
appears to be structurally intact, damage is significant. Large pieces of
debris, including carvings, were scattered over the ground. The temple has been
closed to the public until damage can be fully assessed. The head of Yogyakarta
Archaeological Conservation Agency stated that: “it will take months to identify
the precise damage”. However, some weeks later in 2006 the site re-opened for
visitors. The immediate surroundings of the Hindu temples remain off-limits for
safety reasons.
We get the purpose from the text
above that description is used in all forms of writing to create a vivid
impression of a person, place, object or event e.g. to: ·
- Describe a special place and explain why it is special.
- Describe the most important person in your live.
- Describe the animal’s habit in your report.
Descriptive writing or text is
usually also used to help writer develop an aspect of their work, e.g. to
create a particular mood, atmosphere or describe a place so that the reader can
create vivid pictures of characters, places, objects etc. To complete our
intention to, here are the characteristics based on descriptive writing or
text, below;
As a feature, description is a style
of writing which can be useful for other variety of purposes as:
- To engage a reader’s attention
- To create characters
- To set a mood or create an atmosphere
- To being writing to life
While in language function,
descriptive writing;
- Aims to show rather than tell the reader what something/someone is like
- Relies on precisely chosen vocabulary with carefully chosen adjectives and adverbs.
- Is focused and concentrates only on the aspects that add something to the main purpose of the description.
- Sensory description-what is heard, seen, smelt, felt, tasted.Precise use of adjectives, similes, metaphors to create images/pictures in the mind e.g. their noses were met with the acrid smell of rotting flesh.
- Strong development of the experience that “put the reader there” focuses on key details, powerful verbs and precise nouns.
Beyond the characteristics stated
on, descriptive writing also consists of generic structure in range as:
- General statement
- Explanation
- Closing
The description text has dominant
language features as follows:
- Using Simple Present Tense
- Using action verbs
- Using passive voice
- Using noun phrase
- Using adverbial phrase
- Using technical terms
- Using general and abstract noun
- Using conjunction of time and cause-effect.
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